Part the western gate of the Jupiter Temple and Minaret of Qaytbay

Part the western gate of the Jupiter Temple and Minaret of Qaytbay

A small pathway in the Ghuta of Damascus

A small pathway in the Ghuta of Damascus

Busra, view of the Westgate of the Decumanus Maximus

Busra, view of the Westgate of the Decumanus Maximus

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, Stone engraving - hieroglyphic pictorial writing

Jamiʿ al-Qayqan, Stone engraving – hieroglyphic pictorial writing

Burj Alaʾ, southern facade from the inside with the arrow slit

Burj Alaʾ, southern facade from the inside with the arrow slit

Tower north of Bab Antakiya. The inscription indicates a restoration by the Mamluk ruler al-Malik al-Muʾayyad Shaykh between 820/1417 and 823/1420

Tower north of Bab Antakiya. The inscription indicates a restoration by the Mamluk ruler al-Malik al-Muʾayyad Shaykh between 820/1417 and 823/1420

Tower north of Bab Antakiya, a side of the defensive tower after the removal of infringements

Tower north of Bab Antakiya, a side of the defensive tower after the removal of infringements

Fortification tower north of the Bab Antakiya, view during the removal of historical annexes

Fortification tower north of the Bab Antakiya, view during the removal of historical annexes

Oppenheim_98025-fin_SYRHER

Oppenheim_98025-fin_SYRHER

A modern building and a traditional mud fence in one of the Ghouta fields of Damascus

A modern building and a traditional mud fence in one of the Ghouta fields of Damascus

Raʾs al-ʿAyn, view from the garden to the late Ottoman house, situated on a slope

Raʾs al-ʿAyn, view from the garden to the late Ottoman house, situated on a slope

A modern three storeys building in Raqqa

A modern three storeys building in Raqqa

Terrasses cultivation in the Coastal Mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)

Terrasses cultivation in the Coastal Mountains (al-Jibal as-Sahiliyya)

Damage pattern, loose construction elements, remaining after a hole caused by shelling, Madrasat al-Firdaws, Aleppo

Fig. 19, Catalogue of Damage

Tower north of Bab Antakiya. Condition after partial collapse

Fig.41-c_Rubble management_Partial collapse of façade in 2019

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - a stone base (spolia) which is the cathedral baptismal font

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance – a stone base (spolia) which is the cathedral baptismal font

A small pathway in the Ghuta of Damascus

A small pathway in the Ghuta of Damascus

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower's southern facade

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower’s southern facade

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

General view of defensive tower to the north of city gate Bab Antakiya

General view image

Khusrawiyya Complex, damage mapping (Arabic)

Khusrawiyya Complex, damage mapping (Arabic)

Citadel of Aleppo, exterior view of the domes of the Hammam

Citadel of Aleppo, exterior view of the domes of the Hammam